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Geochemistry & Economic Geology

 

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  • Economic Geology

 

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  • Economic Geology

Economic Geology

Dr Simon Hector

 

Lagerstättenkunde
  • Start
  • Research & Projects
  • Publications
  • PhD Thesis
  • Student Thesis
Lagerstättenkunde

Multidisciplinary expertise in the fields of hydrothermal and carbonatite-hosted ore deposits

Lagerstättenkunde

Location at KIT campus south in direct vicinity to stunning geology (Kaiserstuhl carbonatite, Black Forest, Upper Rhine Graben, Eifel) and ore deposits (Grube Clara, Aggregates, Five-element veins, nickel and copper)

labor

Excellent geochemical laboratory with LA-SF-ICPMS, ultra-low detection of Au by PPP-LA-ICP-MS and clumped isotope analysis

Economic Geology

Simon Hector, egg AGW
Dr. Simon Hector

Economic Geology in Germany is traditionally linked to geochemistry and mineralogy, as deposits are considered geochemical anomalies of the Earth's crust. Germany has a long mining tradition from medieval ages that is accompanied by world-leading scientific research. Today, Germany is still a globally important producer of lignite, potash or rock salt. For our industry, infrastructure and everyday life, large quantities of raw materials are used every day.

Economic Geology faces major challenges, in which not only the complex geological processes of ore deposit formation, but also the environmental impact and the economic and social significance need to be explored. Thus, in addition to a wide range of geosciences, Economic Geology also covers aspects of social and economic sciences.

Projects

Carbonatites
Carbonatites of Pakistan

Tracing the magmatic and metamorphic evolution of carbonatites – the syn- and pre-orogenic carbonatites of Pakistan

link
Breccia
CARB PROXY

Towards an improved understanding of open- versus closed-system diagenesis in carbonate research

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P1110301b_Teaser
Black Angel

Mineralogy, geochemistry and structures of Paleoproterozoic Zn-Pb-Ag-rare metals ores in the Black Angel District of Greenland

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KBL
KBL

Magma evolution in space and time along the Kuboos-Bremen Line in Namibia

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Raza
The role of carbonatitic fluids for HFSE-REE mineralization

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Dünnschliff
ASK

The Actively forming Sulfide mineralization in the Kolumbo volcano (ASK): source of metals in shallow marine magmatic-hydrothermal systems

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MAuS
MAuS

Mobility of Au and related elements in Subduction zones (MAuS): insights from the Cyclades Islands, Greece

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UMAMI Project
UMAMI

UltraMAfic-hosted seafloor Mineralized systems: a mineral system approach

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MOMO Project
MOMO

Mobilization of Metals in Oceanic core complex (MOMO): source to sink investigation of gabbroic-ultramafic hosted VMS deposits

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ThinkTank

More...
EMURG

Energy and mass flux in the Upper Rhine Graben

More...
Lagerstättenkunde
HFSE enrichment in foidolitic systems

The role of early cumulate formation

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Lagerstättenkunde
REE-enrichment carbonatites

Kalkfeld group (Namibia)

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Lagerstättenkunde
Petrology and age of foidites in SW Germany

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Lagerstättenkunde
REE

Melt variations of the Tweerivier and Bulhoekkop carbonatites, South Africa

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Renewable Energy Program

Understanding changes in subsurface water routing

More...
Lagerstättenkunde
Orogenic Au deposits

Source of metal enrichment in the Central Lapland Greenstone Belt, Finland

link

Publications


2025
Journal Articles
The source of lithium in connate fluids: Evidence from the geothermal reservoir at Soultz-sous-Forêts, Upper Rhine Graben, France
Jungmann, M.; Walter, B. F.; Eiche, E.; Giebel, R. J.; Kolb, J.
2025. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 270, 107641. doi:10.1016/j.gexplo.2024.107641 Full textFull text of the publication as PDF document
Permo-Triassic magmatism in the Damaraland Igneous Province, NW Namibia: The Ondurakorume alkaline‑carbonatite complex
Ladisic, A.; Marks, M. A. W.; Walter, B. F.; Giebel, R. J.; Beranoaguirre, A.; Markl, G.
2025. Geochemistry, 85 (3), 126287. doi:10.1016/j.chemer.2025.126287 Full textFull text of the publication as PDF document
The magmatic to post-magmatic evolution of the Nooitgedacht Carbonatite Complex, South Africa
Raza, M.; Giebel, R. J.; Staude, S.; Beranoaguirre, A.; Kolb, J.; Markl, G.; Walter, B. F.
2025. Geochemistry, 85 (1), 126249. doi:10.1016/j.chemer.2025.126249 Full textFull text of the publication as PDF document
Multistage ore-forming processes in the genesis of the fluorite-baryte Merguechoum ore deposit (Moroccan eastern Meseta) in relation to Pangea rifting
Rddad, L.; Cherai, M.; Walter, B. F.; Talbi, F.
2025. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 275, 107766. doi:10.1016/j.gexplo.2025.107766
Sideritization and silification of unconformity-related hydrothermal baryte veins near Grünau, south Namibia
Walter, B. F.; Scharrer, M.; Giebel, R. J.; Beranoaguirre, A.; Arthuzzi, J. C. L.; Kemmler, L.; Ladisic, A.; Dück, S.; Marks, M.; Markl, G.
2025. Geochemistry, 85 (1), 126244. doi:10.1016/j.chemer.2024.126244 Full textFull text of the publication as PDF document
2024
Journal Articles
In-situ zircon and cassiterite LA-ICP-MS geochronology and implications for granite-hosted Sn deposit models and exploration: Insights from the Cameroon Line
Betsi, T. B.; Mandeng, E. P. B.; Bondje, L. N. B.; Beranoaguirre, A.; Njee, E. J.; Mvondo, H.; Kolb, J.
2024. American Mineralogist, 109 (11), 1960–1972. doi:10.2138/am-2023-9174
Bimodal volcanism in the Hegau region (SW Germany): Differentiation of primitive melilititic to nephelinitic rocks produces evolved nosean phonolites
Binder, T.; Marks, M. A. W.; Friedrichsen, B.-E.; Walter, B. F.; Wenzel, T.; Markl, G.
2024. Lithos, 472-473, Art.-Nr.: 107565. doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2024.107565 Full textFull text of the publication as PDF document
The historical Corrente gold deposit, Minas Gerais, Brazil: Geological characteristics and a reconnaissance study of nugget effect
Cabral, A. R.; da Costa, M. A.; Oliveira, L.; Hector, S.; Zeh, A.; Martins, M. de S.; Moura, P.; Silva, M.; Nazareth, L. P. T.; Silva, L. C. da; Amorim, L. E. D.; Kwitko-Ribeiro, R.; Araújo, G. D. S.; Baeta, V. A. D.; Lemos, T. de C.; Porto, J. V. E.; Ribeiro Jr, N. F.; Soares, M. L. F.; Waughan, G. D.
2024. Applied Earth Science: Transactions of the Institutions of Mining and Metallurgy. doi:10.1177/25726838241249369
Nature and Origin of a Massive Sulfide Occurrence in the Karrat Group: Evidence for Paleoproterozoic VMS Mineralization in Central West Greenland
DeWolfe, Y. M.; Kolb, J.; Sorensen, E. V.; Rosa, D.; Guarnieri, P.
2024. Economic Geology, 119 (1), 45–57. doi:10.5382/econgeo.5036 Full textFull text of the publication as PDF document
Magmatic evolution of the Kolumbo submarine volcano and its implication to seafloor massive sulfide formation
Hector, S.; Patten, C. G. C.; Beranoaguirre, A.; Lanari, P.; Kilias, S.; Nomikou, P.; Peillod, A.; Eiche, E.; Kolb, J.
2024. Mineralium Deposita, 59 (6), 1229–1248. doi:10.1007/s00126-024-01262-7 Full textFull text of the publication as PDF document
Petrogenesis and geodynamic setting of the Bingo alkaline-carbonatite complex, DRC: Constraints from petrography, geochemistry, C-O isotopes and U-Pb geochronology
Kasay, G. M.; Borst, A. M.; Giebel, J. R.; Bolarinwa, A. T.; Beranoaguirre, A.; Kluge, T.; Aromolaran, O. K.; Raza, M.; Eiche, E.; Kolb, J.; Nzolang, C.; Walter, B. F.
2024. Precambrian Research, 408, Art.-Nr.: 107421. doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2024.107421
The influence of fluid pressure, redox potential and crystal growth characteristics in Mississippi-Valley-Type (MVT) ore formation - lessons from a modern geothermal scale
Kluge, T.; Eiche, E.; Walter, B.; Kramar, U.; Göttlicher, J.; Gudelius, D.; Giebel, J.; Kolb, J.
2024. Mineralium Deposita. doi:10.1007/s00126-024-01314-y
Towards a better understanding of the geochemical proxy record of complex carbonate archives
Mueller, M.; Walter, B. F.; Giebel, R. J.; Beranoaguirre, A.; Swart, P. K.; Lu, C.; Riechelmann, S.; Immenhauser, A.
2024. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 376, 68–99. doi:10.1016/j.gca.2024.04.029 Full textFull text of the publication as PDF document
Spongy-looking microfabrics in the earliest named stromatolite represent deep burial alteration and incipient metamorphism
Neuweiler, F.; Mueller, M.; Walter, B. F.; Landing, E.; Beranoaguirre, A.; Sendino, C.; Amati, L.; Kershaw, S.
2024. Scientific Reports, 14 (1), Art.-Nr.: 31537. doi:10.1038/s41598-024-83359-7 Full textFull text of the publication as PDF document
Transfer of sulfur and chalcophile metals via sulfide-volatile compound drops in the Christiana-Santorini-Kolumbo volcanic field
Patten, C. G. C.; Hector, S.; Kilias, S.; Ulrich, M.; Peillod, A.; Beranoaguirre, A.; Nomikou, P.; Eiche, E.; Kolb, J.
2024. Nature Communications, 15 (1), Art.-Nr.: 4968. doi:10.1038/s41467-024-48656-9 Full textFull text of the publication as PDF document
Disruption of a high‐pressure unit during exhumation: Example of the Cycladic Blueschist unit (Thera, Ios and Naxos islands, Greece)
Peillod, A.; Patten, C. G. C.; Drüppel, K.; Beranoaguirre, A.; Zeh, A.; Gudelius, D.; Hector, S.; Majka, J.; Kleine-Marshall, B. I.; Karlson, A.; Gerdes, A.; Kolb, J.
2024. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 42 (2), 225–255. doi:10.1111/jmg.12753 Full textFull text of the publication as PDF document
Controls on Corundum Formation: Metasomatism of Ultramafic Rock, Nattivit, South-East Greenland
Poulsen, M. D.; Keulen, N.; van Hinsberg, V.; Kolb, J.; Frei, R.; Thomsen, T. B.; Nielsen, O.; Vennemann, T.
2024. Journal of Petrology, 65 (11), egae110. doi:10.1093/petrology/egae110
Geochemistry and fluid inclusion study of the Jbel Tirremi fluorite-baryte deposit, Morocco: New insights into the genetic model in relation to Mesozoic tectonics
Rddad, L.; Cherai, M.; Walter, B. F.; Talbi, F.; Kraemer, D.; Billström, K.
2024. Geochemistry, 84 (3), 126162. doi:10.1016/j.chemer.2024.126162
Delithiation and lithiation of LiFePO: Implications for direct Li extraction from synthetic solutions and geothermal brines
Reich, R.; Eiche, E.; Kolb, J.
2024. Desalination, 586, Art.-Nr.: 117883. doi:10.1016/j.desal.2024.117883 Full textFull text of the publication as PDF document
Diatreme-hosted fluorite mineralization in S-Namibia – A tale of cryogenic brine formation and fluid mixing below an unconformity in the context of Pangea rifting
Walter, B. F.; Giebel, R. J.; Arthuzzi, J. C. L.; Kemmler, L.; Kolb, J.
2024. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 210, Article no: 105154. doi:10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2023.105154
Conference Papers
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for quantitative lithium monitoring in geothermal brines for lithium extraction
Kardamaki, E.; Basler, C.; Reich, R.; Wilhelms, A.; Breunig, I.; Eiche, E.; Kolb, J.; Carl, D.
2024. Optical Sensing and Detection VIII, Ed.: F. Berghmans, I. Zergioti, Art.-Nr. 48, SPIE. doi:10.1117/12.3017166
PhD Theses
Gold mobility in the crust: From source to ore deposit formation. PhD dissertation
Hector, S.
2024, January 15. Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT). doi:10.5445/IR/1000167224 Full textFull text of the publication as PDF document
Book Chapters
Bedeutung von Russland, Belarus und der Ukraine für die Rohstoffversorgung Deutschlands und der EU
Kolb, J.
2024. Kritische Rohstoffe: Auswirkungen wachsender geo- und klimapolitischer Herausforderungen auf die Rohstoffversorgung Deutschlands und Europas : Kolloquium der Leibniz-Sozietät der Wissenschaften am 22.03.2022. Hrsg.: G. Pfaff, 71 – 79, trafo Wissenschaftsverlag
2023
Journal Articles
Trace-element geochemistry and S–O isotopes in the fluorite-barite mineralization of Merguechoum, Moroccan eastern Meseta: insights into ore genesis to the Pangea rifting
Cherai, M.; Rddad, L.; Talbi, F.; Walter, B. F.
2023. Acta Geochimica. doi:10.1007/s11631-022-00592-5 Full textFull text of the publication as PDF document
The Origin of Ultramafic Complexes with Melilitolites and Carbonatites: A Petrological Comparison of the Gardiner (E Greenland) and Kovdor (Russia) Intrusions
Gudelius, D.; Marks, M. W.; Markl, G.; Nielsen, T. F. D.; Kolb, J.; Walter, B.
2023. Journal of Petrology, 64 (6). doi:10.1093/petrology/egad036
Orogenic Au deposits with atypical metal association (Cu, Co, Ni): insights from the Pohjanmaa Belt, western Finland
Hector, S.; G. C. Patten, C.; Kolb, J.; de Araujo Silva, A.; Walter, B. F.; Molnár, F.
2023. Ore Geology Reviews, Art.-Nr.: 105326. doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2023.105326 Full textFull text of the publication as PDF document
Improved whole rock low detection limit gold analysis by LA-ICP-MS utilizing pressed-powder-pellets
Patten, C. G. C.; Beranoaguirre, A.; Hector, S.; Gudelius, D.; Kolb, J.; Eiche, E.
2023. International Journal of Mass Spectrometry, 488, Article no: 117039. doi:10.1016/j.ijms.2023.117039
New Insights on the formation of the Jingchong Cu-Co-Pb-Zn deposit, South China: Evidence from sphalerite mineralogy and muscovite 40Ar-39Ar dating
Peng, E.; Kolb, J.; Walter, B. F.; Frenzel, M.; Patten, C. G. C.; Xu, D.; Wang, Y.; Gan, J.; Beranoaguirre, A.; Wang, Z.
2023. Ore Geology Reviews, 162, Article no: 105667. doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2023.105667 Full textFull text of the publication as PDF document
Geological processes defining the formation of plumasite-type corundum in the Paleoproterozoic Isertoq Terrane, South-East Greenland
Poulsen, M. D.; Keulen, N.; van Hinsberg, V. J.; Kolb, J.; Frei, R.; Thomsen, T. B.
2023. Precambrian Research, 385, Art.-Nr.: 106940. doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2022.106940 Full textFull text of the publication as PDF document
Gravitational collapse of a volcano edifice as a trigger for explosive carbonatite eruption?
Rapprich, V.; Walter, B. F.; Kopačková-Strnadová, V.; Kluge, T. M.; Čejková, B.; Pour, O.; Hora, J., M.; Kynický, J.; Magna, T.
2023. The Geological Society of America bulletin, (14 S.). doi:10.1130/B37013.1 Full textFull text of the publication as PDF document
Structural and compositional variation of zeolite 13X in lithium sorption experiments using synthetic solutions and geothermal brine
Reich, R.; Danisi, R. M.; Kluge, T.; Eiche, E.; Kolb, J.
2023. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 359, Article no: 112623. doi:10.1016/j.micromeso.2023.112623
The genesis of hydrothermal veins in the Aukam valley SW Namibia– A far field consequence of Pangean rifting?
Walter, B. F.; Giebel, R. J.; Siegfried, P.; Doggart, S.; Macey, P.; Schiebel, D.; Kolb, J.
2023. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 250, Article no: 107229. doi:10.1016/j.gexplo.2023.107229
The eruption interface between carbonatitic dykes and diatremes – The Gross Brukkaros volcanic field Namibia
Walter, B. F.; Giebel, R. J.; Siegfried, P. R.; Gudelius, D.; Kolb, J.
2023. Chemical Geology, 621, Art.-Nr.: 121344. doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2023.121344
The raw material potential of SW-Germany – A brief overview
Walter, B. F.; Kolb, J.
2023. SGA news, 53, 1–4
2022
Journal Articles
Alkaline-Silicate REE-HFSE Systems
Beard, C. D.; Goodenough, K. M.; Borst, A. M.; Wall, F.; Siegfried, P. R.; Deady, E. A.; Pohl, C.; Hutchison, W.; Finch, A. A.; Walter, B. F.; Elliott, H. A. L.; Brauch, K.
2022. Economic Geology, 118 (1), 177–208. doi:10.5382/econgeo.4956 Full textFull text of the publication as PDF document
Two distinct age groups of melilitites, foidites, and basanites from the southern Central European Volcanic Province reflect lithospheric heterogeneity
Binder, T.; Marks, M. A. W.; Gerdes, A.; Walter, B. F.; Grimmer, J.; Beranoaguirre, A.; Wenzel, T.; Markl, G.
2022. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 112 (3), 881–905. doi:10.1007/s00531-022-02278-y Full textFull text of the publication as PDF document
CO handling in binary geothermal systems — A modelling approach for different CO contents, salinity, pressure and temperature conditions
Fechner, D.; Kondek, M.; Kölbel, T.; Kolb, J.
2022. Renewable Energy, 201 (Part 1), 780–791. doi:10.1016/j.renene.2022.10.127
Constraints on the preservation of proxy data in carbonate archives – lessons from a marine limestone to marble transect, Latemar, Italy
Mueller, M.; Jacquemyn, C.; Walter, B. F.; Pederson, C. L.; Schurr, S. L.; Igbokwe, O. A.; Jöns, N.; Riechelmann, S.; Dietzel, M.; Strauss, H.; Immenhauser, A.
2022. Sedimentology, 69 (2), 423–460. doi:10.1111/sed.12939 Full textFull text of the publication as PDF document
A tale of three fluids : fluid-inclusion and carbonate clumped-isotope paleothermometry reveals complex dolomitization and dedolomitization history of the latemare platform
Müller, M.; Walter, B. F.; Swart, P. K.; Jöns, N.; Jacquemyn, C.; Igbokwe, O. A.; Immenhauser, A.
2022. Memorabilia, 92 (12), 1141–1168. doi:10.2110/jsr.2022.047
Tectonic setting, fluid inclusion and gold mineralization of the southwest Poli region (northern Cameroon Domain)
Ngounouno, F. Y.; Negue, E. N.; Kolb, J.; Walter, B.; Teda Soh, A. C.; Patten, C.; Ngounouno, I.
2022. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 194, Art.-Nr.: 104579. doi:10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2022.104579
Ultramafic-hosted volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits: an overlooked sub-class of VMS deposit forming in complex tectonic environments
Patten, C. G. C.; Coltat, R.; Junge, M.; Peillod, A.; Ulrich, M.; Manatschal, G.; Kolb, J.
2022. Earth-Science Reviews, 224, Artk.Nr.: 103891. doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2021.103891
Multi-source and multi-stage metal mobilization during the tectonic evolution of the Central Lapland Greenstone Belt, Finland: implications for the formation of orogenic Au deposits
Patten, C. G. C.; Molnár, F.; Pitcairn, I. K.; Kolb, J.; Mertanen, S.; Hector, S.
2022. Mineralium Deposita, 58 (3), 461–488. doi:10.1007/s00126-022-01133-z Full textFull text of the publication as PDF document
Unravelling the fluid flow evolution and precipitation mechanisms recorded in calcite veins in relation to Pangea rifting–Newark Basin, USA
Rddad, L.; Kraemer, D.; Walter, B. F.; Darling, R.; Cousens, B.
2022. Geochemistry, 82 (4), Art.-Nr.: 125918. doi:10.1016/j.chemer.2022.125918
Lithium Extraction Techniques and the Application Potential of Different Sorbents for Lithium Recovery from Brines
Reich, R.; Slunitschek, K.; Danisi, R. M.; Eiche, E.; Kolb, J.
2022. Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review, 44 (4), 261–280. doi:10.1080/08827508.2022.2047041
The formation of (Ni-Co-Sb)-Ag-As ore shoots in hydrothermal galena-sphalerite-fluorite veins
Scharrer, M.; Epp, T.; Walter, B.; Pfaff, K.; Vennemann, T.; Markl, G.
2022. Mineralium deposita, 57, 853–885. doi:10.1007/s00126-021-01059-y
Preface to the thematic issue on mineral systems of West Africa
Thébaud, N.; Eglinger, A.; André-Mayer, A.-S.; Kolb, J.
2022. Mineralium Deposita, 57 (4), 509–511. doi:10.1007/s00126-022-01100-8
The Kieshöhe carbonatites of southwestern Namibia – the post-magmatic role of silicate xenoliths on REE mobilisation [in press]
Walter, B. F.; Giebel, R. J.; Marlow, A. G.; Siegfried, P. R.; Marks, M.; Markl, G.; Palmer, M.; Kolb, J.
2022. Communications of the Geological Survey Namibia, 25, 1–31
Reports/Preprints
Lithiumbedarf für die Batteriezellenproduktion in Deutschland und Europa im Jahr 2030
Steiger, K.; Hilgers, C.; Kolb, J.
2022. doi:10.5445/IR/1000153059 Full textFull text of the publication as PDF document
Herausforderungen bei der Rohstoffversorgung für Deutschland : Eine holistische Betrachtung durch Experteninterviews
Steiger, K.; Hilgers, C.; Kolb, J.
2022. Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT). doi:10.5445/IR/1000152882 Full textFull text of the publication as PDF document
Lithium in Europa
Steiger, K.; Reich, R.; Slunitschek, K.; Steinmüller, K.; Bergemann, C.; Hilgers, C.; Kolb, J.
2022. (THINKTANK industrielle Ressourcenstrategien, Ed.), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT). doi:10.5445/IR/1000154047 Full textFull text of the publication as PDF document
2021
Journal Articles
Differences in decompression of a high-pressure unit : A case study from the Cycladic Blueschist Unit on Naxos Island, Greece
Peillod, A.; Majka, J.; Ring, U.; Drüppel, K.; Patten, C.; Karlsson, A.; Włodek, A.; Tehler, E.
2021. Lithos, 386-387, Art.-Nr. 106043. doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2021.106043 Full textFull text of the publication as PDF document
Basement aquifer evolution and the formation of unconformity-related hydrothermal vein deposits: LA-ICP-MS analyses of single fluid inclusions in fluorite from SW Germany
Scharrer, M.; Reich, R.; Fusswinkel, T.; Walter, B. F.; Markl, G.
2021. Chemical geology, 575, Article no: 120260. doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2021.120260
Geothermal reservoir rocks of the Büyük Menderes Graben (Turkey): stratigraphic correlation by a multiproxy approach
Siefert, D.; Wolfgramm, M.; Kölbel, T.; Glodny, J.; Kolb, J.; Eiche, E.
2021. Turkish journal of earth sciences, 30, 1008–1031. doi:10.3906/yer-2104-11
Mining – smelting – recycling, is the German demand and supply of raw materials resilient
Steiger, K.; Hilgers, C.; Kolb, J.
2021. SGA news, (49), 5 S
Fluids associated with carbonatitic magmatism: A critical review and implications for carbonatite magma ascent
Walter, B. F.; Giebel, R. J.; Steele-MacInnis, M.; Marks, M. A. W.; Kolb, J.; Markl, G.
2021. Earth science reviews, 215, Art. Nr.: 103509. doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2021.103509
Science Communication on the Internet
Lithiumextraktion aus geo­ther­mi­schen Solen : Moderne Adsorptionsmethode zur Rohstoffgewinnung
Slunitschek, K.; Kolb, J.; Eiche, E.
2021, June 21
2020
Journal Articles
The complex tectonic evolution of the craton-adjacent northern margin of the Palaeoproterozoic Ketilidian Orogen, southeastern Greenland: Evidence from the geochemistry of mafic to intermediate and granitic intrusions
Bagas, L.; Kolb, J.; Nielsen, T. F. D.; Groves, D. I.
2020. Lithos, 358-359, 105384. doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2020.105384
A comparative study of two Mississippian dolostone reservoirs in the Volga-Ural Basin, Russia
Kolchugin, A.; Immenhauser, A.; Morozov, V.; Walter, B.; Eskin, A.; Korolev, E.; Neuser, R.
2020. Journal of Asian earth sciences, 199, 104465. doi:10.1016/j.jseaes.2020.104465
Combining Ion Chromatography and Total Reflection X-ray Fluorescence for Detection of Major, Minor and Trace Elements in Quartz-hosted Fluid Inclusions
Ladenburger, S.; Walter, B. F.; Marks, M. A. W.; Markl, G.
2020. Journal of analytical chemistry, 75 (11), 1477–1485. doi:10.1134/S106193482011009X
An Improved Analytical Protocol for the Determination of Sub-nanogram Gold in 1–2 g Rock Samples Using GFAAS After Polyurethane Foam Pretreatment
Liu, Y.; Wang, Z.; Xue, D.; Yang, Y.; Li, W.; Cheng, H.; Patten, C.; Wan, B.
2020. Atomic spectroscopy, 41 (3), 131–140. doi:10.46770/AS.2020.03.006
Testing the preservation potential of early diagenetic dolomites as geochemical archives
Mueller, M.; Igbokwe, O. A.; Walter, B.; Pederson, C. L.; Riechelmann, S.; Richter, D. K.; Albert, R.; Gerdes, A.; Buhl, D.; Neuser, R. D.; Bertotti, G.; Immenhauser, A.
2020. Sedimentology, 67 (2), 849–881. doi:10.1111/sed.12664 Full textFull text of the publication as PDF document
Metal fluxes during magmatic degassing in the oceanic crust: sulfide mineralisation at ODP site 786B, Izu-Bonin forearc
Patten, C. G. C.; Pitcairn, I. K.; Alt, J. C.; Zack, T.; Lahaye, Y.; Teagle, D. A. H.; Markdahl, K.
2020. Mineralium deposita, 55, 469–489. doi:10.1007/s00126-019-00900-9
Gold mobilization during metamorphic devolatilization of Archean and Paleoproterozoic metavolcanic rocks
Patten, C. G. C.; Pitcairn, I. K.; Molnár, F.; Kolb, J.; Beaudoin, G.; Guilmette, C.; Peillod, A.
2020. Geology, 48 (11), 1110–1114. doi:10.1130/G47658.1
Mineral separation protocol for accurate and precise rhenium-osmium (Re-Os) geochronology and sulphur isotope composition of individual sulphide species
Saintilan, N. J.; Selby, D.; Hughes, J. W.; Schlatter, D.; Kolb, J.; Boyce, A.
2020. MethodsX, 7, 100944. doi:10.1016/j.mex.2020.100944 Full textFull text of the publication as PDF document
Source of gold in Neoarchean orogenic-type deposits in the North Atlantic Craton, Greenland: Insights for a proto-source of gold in sub-seafloor
Saintilan, N. J.; Selby, D.; Hughes, J. W.; Schlatter, D. M.; Kolb, J.; Boyce, A.
2020. Precambrian research, 343, Art. Nr.: 105717. doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2020.105717 Full textFull text of the publication as PDF document
Formation of native arsenic in hydrothermal base metal deposits and related supergene U6+ enrichment: The Michael vein near Lahr, SW Germany
Scharrer, M.; Sandritter, K.; Walter, B. F.; Neumann, U.; Markl, G.
2020. American mineralogist, 105 (5), 727–744. doi:10.2138/am-2020-7062
Complex carbonate-sulfate brines in fluid inclusions from carbonatites: Estimating compositions in the system H2O-Na-K-CO3-SO4-Cl
Walter, B.; Steele-MacInnis, M.; Giebel, R. J.; Marks, M. A. W.; Markl, G.
2020. Geochimica et cosmochimica acta, 277, 224–242. doi:10.1016/j.gca.2020.03.030
Limited availability of sulfur promotes copper-rich mineralization in hydrothermal Pb-Zn veins: A case study from the Schwarzwald, SW Germany
Walter, B. F.; Scharrer, M.; Burisch, M.; Apukthina, O.; Markl, G.
2020. Chemical geology, 532, 119358. doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2019.119358
Formation of hydrothermal fluorite-hematite veins by mixing of continental basement brine and redbed-derived fluid: Schwarzwald mining district, SW-Germany
Walter, B. F.; Jensen, J. L.; Coutinho, P.; Laurent, O.; Markl, G.; Steele-MacInnis, M.
2020. Journal of geochemical exploration, 212, Article: 106512. doi:10.1016/j.gexplo.2020.106512
Other
Bergbau - Verhüttung - Recycling : Ist die deutsche Nachfrage und das Angebot and Rohstoffen resilient?
Hilgers, C.; Kolb, J.; Becker, I.
2020. (C. Kühne, Ed.), Thinkthank Industrielle Ressourcenstrategien - KIT
Conference Papers
CO2 handling in binary geothermal systems - A modelling approach for Bruchsal, Germany
Siefert, D.; Kondek, M.; Koelbel, T.; Kolb, J.
2020. 1st Geoscience and Engineering in Energy Transition Conference, GET 2020, 16 - 18 November 2020, online, European Association of Geoscientists and Engineers (EAGE). doi:10.3997/2214-4609.202021019
2019
Journal Articles
A Workflow to Define, Map and Name A Carbonatite- or Alkaline Igneous-Associated REE-HFSE Mineral System: A Case Study from SW Germany
Banks, G. J.; Walter, B. F.; Marks, M. A. W.; Siegfried, P. R.
2019. Minerals, 9 (2), 97. doi:10.3390/min9020097 Full textFull text of the publication as PDF document
Carbonate-related metallic and non-metallic mineralization within and proximal to granites (Fichtelgebirge Pluton, Germany): “Mantle-crust marker mineralization”
Dill, H. G.; Kolb, J.
2019. Ore geology reviews, 104, 46–71. doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2018.10.011
Thermal structure and evolution of an Archean large hot orogen: Insights from the Tasiusarsuaq terrane, SW Greenland
Dziggel, A.; Diener, J. F. A.; Kokfelt, T. F.; Kolb, J.; Scherstén, A.
2019. Precambrian research, 335, 105499. doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2019.105499
Evidence for Magma–Wall Rock Interaction in Carbonatites from the Kaiserstuhl Volcanic Complex (Southwest Germany)
Giebel, R. J.; Parsapoor, A.; Walter, B. F.; Braunger, S.; Marks, M. A. W.; Wenzel, T.; Markl, G.
2019. Journal of petrology, 60 (6), 1163–1194. doi:10.1093/petrology/egz028
Chemical evolution of ore-forming brines – Basement leaching, metal provenance, and the redox link between barren and ore-bearing hydrothermal veins. A case study from the Schwarzwald mining district in SW-Germany
Walter, B. F.; Kortenbruck, P.; Scharrer, M.; Zeitvogel, C.; Wälle, M.; Mertz-Kraus, R.; Markl, G.
2019. Chemical geology, 506, 126–148. doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2018.12.038
2018
Journal Articles
Assessment of lithological, geochemical and structural controls on gold distribution in the Nalunaq gold deposit, South Greenland using three-dimensional implicit modelling
Bell, R.-M.; Kolb, J.; Waight, T. E.
2018. Special publications, 453 (1), 385–405. doi:10.1144/SP453.2
Textural characteristics and trace element distribution in carbonate-hosted Zn-Pb-Ag ores at the Paleoproterozoic Black Angel deposit, central West Greenland
Horn, S.; Dziggel, A.; Kolb, J.; Sindern, S.
2018. Mineralium deposita, 338, 354–364. doi:10.1007/s00126-018-0821-5
Genesis of the Paleoproterozoic Ammassalik Intrusive Complex, south-east Greenland
Lebrun, E.; Árting, T. B.; Kolb, J.; Fiorentini, M.; Kokfelt, T.; Johannesen, A. B.; Maas, R.; Thébaud, N.; Martin, L. A. J.; Murphy, R. C.
2018. Precambrian research, 315, 19–44. doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2018.06.016
Mineral textural evolution and PT-path of relict eclogite-facies rocks in the Paleoproterozoic Nagssugtoqidian Orogen, South-East Greenland
Müller, S.; Dziggel, A.; Kolb, J.; Sindern, S.
2018. Lithos, 296-299, 212–232. doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2017.11.008
Age and temperature-time evolution of retrogressed eclogite-facies rocks in the Paleoproterozoic Nagssugtoqidian Orogen, South-East Greenland: Constrained from U-Pb dating of zircon, monazite, titanite and rutile
Müller, S.; Dziggel, A.; Sindern, S.; Kokfelt, T. F.; Gerdes, A.; Kolb, J.
2018. Precambrian research, 314, 468–486. doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2018.07.002
Architecture and mineral potential of the Paleoproterozoic Karrat Group, West Greenland: Results of the 2017 Season
Rosa, D.; Bernstein, S.; DeWolfe, M.; Dziggel, A.; Grocott, J.; Guarnieri, P.; Kolb, J.; Partin, C.; Sorensen, E. V.; Zimmermann, R.
2018. Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland bulletin, (102), 112
Conference Papers
The source of metals in the recent polymetallic sea-floor massive sulfide mineralization at the Kolumbo arcvolcano, Greece
Ahmad, Q.; Patten, C. G. C.; Kolb, J.; Kilias, S. P.; Lahaye, Y.; Pitcairn, I.
2018. GEOBONN 2018
The Amitsoq Plutonic Suite – a newly discovered suite in the Ketilidian Orogen, South Greenland
Baden, K.; Bagas, L.; Kolb, J.; Thomsen, T. B.; Waight, T.
2018. 33rd Nordic Geological Winter Meeting, Copenhagen, DK, Janary 10-12, 2018. Abstracts, 102, De Nationale Geologiske Undersøgelser for Danmark og Grønland
Paleoproterozoic volcanogenic massive sulfide mineralization, Karrat Group, Central Kangiusap Kuua, West Greenland
DeWolfe, M.; Kolb, J.; Sørensen, E. V.
2018. Resources for Future Generations : RFG 2018 : an IUGS event - Premier Conference on Energy, Minerals, Water, The Earth, Vancouver, BC, Canada, June 16-21, 2018, Vancouver
Paleoproterozoic volcanogenic massive sulfide mineralization, Karrat Group, Central Kangiusap Kuua, West Greenland, 103
DeWolfe, Y. M.; Kolb, J.; Rosa, D.
2018. 33rd Nordic Geological Winter Meeting, Copenhagen, DK, January 10-12, 2018. Abstracts, 102, De Nationale Geologiske Undersøgelser for Danmark og Grønland
What can we learn from mineral scalings in geothermal power plants?
Eiche, E.; Slunitschek, K.; Patten, C.; Kolb, J.
2018. GEOBONN 2018
Why are hypozonal orogenic gold deposits restricted to Precambrian orogens?
Kolb, J.; Dziggel, A.
2018. GEOBONN 2018
Architecture of the Rinkian Orogen between Svartenhuk and Holm Ø, western Greenland, 105 [in press]
Kolb, J.; LaFlamme, C.; Dziggel, A.; Thrane, K.
2018. 33rd Nordic Geological Winter Meeting, Copenhagen, DK, January 10-12, 2018. Abstracts, 102
Sniffs of ‘IOCG-style(?)’ chalcopyrite mineralization in northwestern Greenland, 105
LaFlamme, C.; Bathgate, K.; Kolb, J.
2018. 33rd Nordic Geological Winter Meeting, Copenhagen, DK, January 10-12, 2018. Abstracts, 102
2017
Journal Articles
A Palaeoproterozoic multi-stage hydrothermal alteration system at Nalunaq gold deposit, South Greenland
Bell, R.-M.; Kolb, J.; Waight, T. E.; Bagas, L.; Thomsen, T. B.
2017. Mineralium deposita, 52 (3), 383–404. doi:10.1007/s00126-016-0667-7
Tectonic switches and the exhumation of deep-crustal granulites during Neoarchean terrane accretion in the area around Grædefjord, SW Greenland
Dziggel, A.; Kokfelt, T. F.; Kolb, J.; Kisters, A. F. M.; Reifenröther, R.
2017. Precambrian research, 300, 223–245. doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2017.07.027
Photograph of the month [Photograph of the month Intersecting fold structures in a major shear zone on Jens Munk Island, South-East Greenland]
Kolb, J.
2017. Journal of structural geology, 99, iii. doi:10.1016/S0191-8141(17)30102-5
Conference Papers
Exhumation of deep crustal granulites during Neoarchean terrane accretion in the Nuuk region, SW Greenland
Dziggel, A.; Kokfelt, T. F.; Kolb, J.; Kisters, A. F. M.; Reifenröther, R.
2017. SPP1833: Building a Habitable Earth, Jena, 29.-31. März 2017, 11
Gold metallogeny of Greenland
Kolb, J.; Thébaud, N.; Lebrun, E.; Fiorentini, M.; Nielsen, T.
2017. Proceedings of the 14th SGA Biennial Meeting, 20-23 August 2017, Québec City, Canada
The Godthåbsfjord gold province in the North Atlantic craton of southern West Greenland
Kolb, J.; Lebrun, E.; Thébaud, N.; Dziggel, A.; Fiorentini, M.
2017. SPP1833: Building a Habitable Earth, Jena, 29.-31.3.2017, 18
2016
Journal Articles
On the processes that formed Archaean Ni-Cu sulfide mineralisation in the deep continental crust, Thrym Complex, southeastern Greenland
Bagas, L.; Kolb, J.; Fiorentini, M. L.; Thebaud, N.; Owen, J.; Rennick, S.; Stensgaard, B. M.
2016. Precambrian research, 277, 68–86. doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2016.02.007
Metallogeny of Greenland
Kolb, J.; Keiding, J. K.; Steenfelt, A.; Secher, K.; Keulen, N.; Rosa, D.; Stensgaard, B. M.
2016. Ore geology reviews, 78, 493–555. doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2016.03.006
The Guelb Moghrein Cu–Au deposit: Neoarchaean hydrothermal sulfide mineralization in carbonate-facies iron formation
Kolb, J.; Petrov, N.
2016. Ore geology reviews, 78, 573–577. doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2015.09.003
Lithological, structural, and geochemical characteristics of the Mesoarchean Târtoq greenstone belt, southern West Greenland, and the Chugach – Prince William accretionary complex, southern Alaska: evidence for uniformitarian plate-tectonic processes
Polat, A.; Kokfelt, T.; Burke, K. C.; Kusky, T. M.; Bradley, D. C.; Dziggel, A.; Kolb, J.
2016. Canadian journal of earth sciences, 53 (11), 1336–1371. doi:10.1139/cjes-2016-0023
Hydrothermal flake graphite mineralisation in Paleoproterozoic rocks of south-east Greenland
Rosing-Schow, N.; Bagas, L.; Kolb, J.; Balić-Žunić, T.; Korte, C.; Fiorentini, M. L.
2016. Mineralium deposita, 52 (5), 769–789. doi:10.1007/s00126-016-0701-9
Metallogeny of South Greenland: A review of geological evolution, mineral occurrences and geochemical exploration data
Steenfelt, A.; Kolb, J.; Thrane, K.
2016. Ore geology reviews, 77, 194–245. doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2016.02.005
Conference Papers
Metamorphic history of Neoarchean terrane accretion in the Nuuk region, Southwest Greenland
Dziggel, A.; Diener, J. F. A.; Kolb, J.; Kokfelt, T. F.
2016. North Atlantic Craton Conference, NAC+ 2016, Programme & Abstracts, 21–23 March 2016 | Edinburgh, UK, 17
Geochemistry and petrology of massive sulfides and cordierite-orthoamphibole rocks on Simiutat Island, Nuuk area, SW Greenland
Hagen, M.; Kolb, J.
2016. North Atlantic Craton Conference (NAC+ 2016), Edinburgh, UK, March 21-23, 2016, 54
Resource assessments in Greenland
Hanghøj, K.; Christiansen, F. G.; Stensgaard, B. M.; Kolb, J.
2016. 35th International Geological Congress (IGC 2016), Kapstadt, ZA, August 27 - September 4, 2019. Abstracts. Vol. 35
Mesoarchaean orogenic gold mineralization within the Nuuluk Linear Belt, Tartoq Gold Province, South-West Greenland
Hughes, J. W.; Schlatter, D. M.; Kolb, J.
2016. North Atlantic Craton Conference (NAC+ 2016), Edinburgh, UK, March 21-23, 2016, 57
Neoarchean mineral systems in the lower continental crust of the North Atlantic Craton, Greenland
Kolb, J.; Dziggel, A.; Bagas, L.; Fiorentini, M. L.; Thébaud, N.
2016. 35th International Geological Congress, Cape Town, South Africa, 27 Augus - 4 September 2016 International Geological Congress, Abstracts
Precambrian orogens and their hypozonal orogenic gold ores
Kolb, J.; Dziggel, A.; Bagas, L.
2016. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Finland. Special Volume. Abstracts of The 32nd Nordic Geological Winter Meerting, 13th - 15th January 2016, Helsinki, Finland. Ed.: S. Staboulis, 124
Neoarchean mineralization in lower crustal rocks of the North Atlantic Craton, Greenland
Kolb, J.; Dziggel, A.; Bagas, L.; Fiorentini, M. L.; Thébaud, N.; Hagen, M.
2016. North Atlantic Craton Conference (NAC+ 2016), Edinburgh, UK, March 21-23, 2016, 15
Metamorphic evolution of relict eclogite-facies rocks in the Nagssugtoqidian Orogen, Southeast Greenland
Müller, S.; Dziggel, A.; Kolb, J.
2016. North Atlantic Craton Conference (NAC+ 2016), Edinburgh, UK, March 21-23, 2016, 26
Metallogeny and crustal architecture of South Greenland
Steenfelt, A.; Kolb, J.; Thrane, K.
2016. North Atlantic Craton Conference (NAC+ 2016), Edinburgh, UK, March 21-23, 2016, 63
The mineral endowment of the Archean craton and the Palaeoproterozoic orogen of South-East Greenland
Stensgaard, B. M.; Kolb, J.; Bagas, L.; Kokfelt, T. F.
2016. North Atlantic Craton Conference (NAC+ 2016), Edinburgh, UK, March 21-23, 2016, 38
Reports/Preprints
Architecture and mineral potential of the Paleoproterozoic Karrat Group, West Greenland - Results of the 2015 season
Rosa, D.; Guarnieri, P.; Hollis, J.; Kolb, J.; Partin, C.; Petersen, J.; Sørensen, E. V.; Thomassen, B.; Thomsen, L.; Thrane, K.
2016. Danish Ministry of Energy
Book Chapters
Greenland
Kolb, J.; Keiding, J. K.; Rosa, D.; Thrane, K.
2016. Mineral resources in the Arctic. Ed.: R. Boyd, 162–163, Geological Survey of Norway
Sarfartoq rare earth element-niobium deposit
Kolb, J.
2016. Mineral Resources in the Arctic: An Introduction. Ed.: R. Boyd, 177–179, Geological Survey of Norway
Isua iron ore desposit
Kolb, J.
2016. Mineral Resources in the Arctic: An Introduction. Ed.: R. Boyd, 168–170, Geological Survey of Norway
History of mining
Kolb, J.
2016. Mineral Resources in the Arctic: An Introduction. Ed.: R. Boyd, 167–168, Geological Survey of Norway
Description of the main metallogenic / Kimberlite Provinces
Kolb, J.
2016. Mineral Resources in the Arctic: An Introduction. Ed.: R. Boyd, 162–167, Geological Survey of Norway
Jorge Correia Leite Arthuzzi

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Andressa
Andressa de Araujo Silva

The formation of atypical orogenic AU deposits: Insight from Finland Greenstone Belts

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Raza
Mohsin Raza

The role of carbonatitic fluids for HFSE-REE mineralization

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simon
Simon Hector

Study of the paleoproterozoic orogenic gold deposits

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Abgeschlossene Abschlussarbeiten
Datum Autor Titel Betreuung
Thema 1 Beispiel
Orogenic Au deposits

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Carbonatites and alkaline igneous rocks

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   Master / Bachelor/ Project study opportunities in ore geology

The group of ore geology offers numerous opportunities for M.Sc., B.Sc. and project study in a variety of fields. For further details please contact Prof. Dr. Jochen Kolb, Dr. Benjamin Walter or Ph.D. Clifford Patten.
 

Carbonatites and alkaline igneous rocks

  1. Formation of the Otjisazu complex (Namibia): How deformation affects the primary mineralogy of carbonatites?

Methods: Microscopy (Transmitted light, reflected light, Cl), REM, XRD, XRF, ICPOES, ICPMS  

  1. Carbonatite-carbonatite interaction: The case of sövite mega-xenoliths in alvikites of the Dicker Willem complex (Namibia)

Methods: Microscopy (Transmitted light, reflected light, Cl), REM, XRD, XRF, ICPOES, ICPMS  

  1. Petrology of the Blue Hill complex (Namibia): Genesis of a strange picrite.

Methods: Microscopy (Transmitted light, reflected light, Cl), REM, XRD, XRF, ICPOES, ICPMS

  1. Multi-component crustal contamination in Gross Brukkaros carbonatite dykes (Namibia): Petrology and geochemistry.

Methods: Microscopy (Transmitted light, reflected light, Cl), REM, XRD, XRF, ICPOES, ICPMS

  1. The Eureka carbonatite (Namibia) and its massive monazite mineralization: Significance of carbonatitic fluids for ore formation.

Methods: Microscopy (Transmitted light, reflected light, Cl), Microthermometry, crush leach, MicroRaman, ICPOES, ICPMS

  1. Silification of the Zweifelskuppe carbonatite (Namibia): Genesis and impact on ore formation.

Methods: Microscopy (Transmitted light, reflected light, Cl), REM, XRF, ICPOES, ICPMS

  1. The potential for placer deposit formation from carbonatites: Is there a HFSE placer north of the Kaiserstuhl Volcanic complex?

Methods: field work, Mineral processing, REM, XRD, XRF, ICPOES, ICPMS
 

Orogenic Au deposits

  1. Metal behaviour during metamorphism and the formation of quartz-carbonate veins, Rinkian Orogen, central West Greenland

Orogenic gold deposits are characterized by shear zone-hosted quartz-carbonate vein systems in orogens. The Paleoproterozoic Rinkian Orogen hosts quartz-carbonate veins in meta-sedimentary schist. Although, they formed in a characteristic setting for orogenic gold deposits and there is hydrothermal alteration associated with the veins, gold contents are low. The aim of this project is to characterize the hydrothermal alteration associated with the veins geochemically and petrologically and to compare the data with typical orogenic gold deposits in order to better understand the hydrothermal processes. The project involves application of petrological and geochemical methods.

  1. Hydrothermal quartz vein formation in Archean rocks of central West Greenland

A small Archean greenstone belt in central West Greenland hosts hydrothermal mineralization in a quartz vein and a strongly silicified zone. The style of mineralization is unclear and gold analysis has not been done. The aim of this project is to characterize the hydrothermal mineralization by petrological and geochemical approaches. It is possible that the mineralized and altered zone represents an Archean orogenic gold deposit.

  1. Hydrothermal alteration of paragneiss in the high-grade metamorphic terrane of the northern Rinkian Orogen, central West Greenland

The northern part of the Rinkian Orogen is characterized by gneiss and migmatite. Presumably meta-sedimentary gneisses show interesting different grey and rusty weathering colours, although they macroscopically have the same mineral composition. The rusty weathering of the paragneiss has confused geologists in surficial mineral exploration for some time. The aim of this project is to characterize the samples using geochemistry and petrology in order to determine how the different weathering colouration is controlled and whether the rusty colour is caused by weathering of hydrothermal alteration. A better understanding of the processes behind the colour variation may aid in regional mineral exploration.

  1. Trace element enrichement in Au-only and atypical orogenic Au deposits of the Pohjanmaa belt, Finland

Orogenic Au deposits in Finland are classified as Au-only or as atypical Au-Cu-Co. The Pohjanmaa belt in South Western Finland hosts both Au-only and atypical orogenic Au deposits and is ideal place to study the key parameters leading to one or the other style of mineralization. This study focuses on four deposits: Laivakangas, Jouhineva, Huhta and Kurula. The deposits share many similarities and are characterised by two major Au mineralization stages: a peak metamorphism Au-As-Co mineralization stage and a later Au-Cu one. Each stage is characterised by different ore mineralogy such as arsenopyrite, loellingite, clinosaflorite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, pyrite. The aim of the project is to carry in-situ LA-ICP-MS analysis of sulfides from the different deposits to better understand the mechanisms for base metal enrichment in atypical orogenic Au deposits.    

  1. Orogenic gold deposits in the Central Lapland Greenstone Belt: Characterization of mineralizing processes leading to the formation of typical and atypical orogenic deposits

Orogenic Au deposits are the product of complex large scale processes which include the production of metal-rich fluids, the transport of these metal-rich fluids through the Earth’s crust, and the precipitation of the metals in structurally controlled locations at various degree of metamorphism. The Paleoproterozoic Central Lapland Greenstone Belt (CLGB) hosts numerous orogenic Au deposits. These deposits, however, show various metal endowment from Au-only to Au-Cu-Co-U and this variability is not well constrained. A hypothesis we want to test is the control of lithology variation in the source area on the metal budget of the hydrothermal fluids and finally on the metal endowment of the deposit.

  1. Is there gold in “Diamanten Sperrgebiet” quartz veins?

Methods: Microscopy (Transmitted light, reflected light, Cl), REM, XRD, ICPOES, ICPMS  
 

Metal fluxes in the Earth crust:

  1. Sulfur Fluxes in subduction zone: insight from the Cyclades, Greece

Subduction zones impose an important control on the geochemical cycling between the surficial and internal reservoirs of the Earth. The classical high pressure-low temperature (HP-LT) metamorphic path of a subducting altered oceanic crust proceeds from sub-greenschist and greenschist facies (seafloor alteration) to lawsonite-blueschist, epidote-blueschist and eclogite facies. During this process, progressive devolatilization of H2O, CO2, SO42- occurs from the descending slab into the overlying mantle wedge promoting mantle melting. Release of oxidizing sulfate-bearing fluids also modifies the redox state and the chemical budget of the mantle which ultimately has strong impact on the formation of hydrothermal ore deposits in arc systems and on sulfur dioxide (SO2) release at arc-volcanoes which strongly affects the climate. Yet, the mechanisms of S release within subduction zones is still unclear, specifically it is not clear when and how S is released from the slab during prograde and retrograde metamorphism. In this project we want to investigate the behavior of S in variably metamorphosed samples from the Cyclades island of Santorin, Ios, Naxos and Syros, Greece. This project is petrology and geochemistry based and will involve significant microscopy and analytical work such as SEM, XRF, CSA, ICP-OES, EA-IRMS, EMPA and LA-ICP-MS.

  1. Gold and related element fluxes in subduction zone: Insight from the Central Cyclades, Greece

Fluid fluxes in subduction zones enable efficient transfer of mobile elements from pelagic sediments and altered oceanic crust to the overlying mantle. These fluxes affect the mantle composition and its redox state having a profound impact on supra-subduction arc systems and their associated hydrothermal ore deposits such as porphyry, skarn, epithermal and VMS deposits which are often enriched in Au. The aim of this project is to investigate the mobility of Au and other elements during subduction by investigating exhumed subducted rocks from the Cycaldes Island, Greece. In this project we want to investigate the behaviour of S in variably metamorphosed samples from the Cyclades island of Santorin, Ios, Naxos and Syros, Greece. This project is petrology and geochemistry based and will involve significant microscopy and analytical work such as SEM, XRF, CSA, ICP-OES, EA-IRMS, EMPA and LA-ICP-MS.

  1. Metal behavior during the magmatic differentiation of the Semail ophiolite, Oman

Supra-subduction zone settings are fertile environments where numerous hydrothermal ore deposits form. This high metal fertility is partly inherited from the specific behaviour of metals during magmatic differentiation. The Semail ophiolite, Oman, hosts numerous volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits and shows evidence for supra-subduction magmatic differentiation. The aim of this project is to characterize metal behaviour during the magmatic differentiation of the Semail ophiolite to better constrain metal fluxes in supra-subduction environments and the possible implication for VMS deposit formation.
 

Massive sulfide deposits:

  1. The Actively forming Sulfide mineralization in the Kolumbo volcano (ASK): source of metals in shallow marine magmatic-hydrothermal systems

The Kolumbo shallow submarine arc-volcano, located in the 5 Ma-to-present Aegean volcanic arc in Greece, hosts an active hydrothermal system currently forming polymetallic VMS mineralization with high As, Ag, Au, Hg, Sb and Tl contents. The Kolumbo hydrothermal system represents one of the very few known hybrid active analogue style of epithermal-VMS mineralization associated with continental margin volcanism. Furthermore, basement rocks, representing the potential metal source areas, outcrop in the neighboring islands. As such, it is a perfect natural laboratory to investigate the entire system from source to sink. This project aims to characterize the sources of the metals enriched in Kolumbo sulfide mineralization using an innovative method which focuses both on the metal sink and the metal sources of Kolumbo’s polymetallic VMS deposit. Mineralized chimneys, volcanic rocks and basement lithologies from Kolumbo’s volcano will be thoroughly studied using state-of-the art whole rock and in-situ analyses coupled to numerical modelling.

  1. Mobilization of Metals in Oceanic core complex (MOMO): source to sink investigation of gabbroic-ultramafic hosted VMS deposits

Active exploration of the seafloor during the last decades lead to the discovery of gabbroic-ultramafic hosted volcanogenic massive sulphide (VMS) deposits. These deposits are associated with Oceanic Core Complexes (OCC), uplifted, dome-like exposures of the lower oceanic crust which have been exhumed by tectonic extension along slow to ultra-slow oceanic spreading centres. These peculiar deposits show specific enrichment in Au-Cu-Co-Ni-PGE and are future potential polymetallic ore deposits mined either from land or from the seafloor. They have been, however, poorly characterised on-land partly because they were misclassified as hydrothermally altered magmatic ore deposits and partly because their genetic model remains poorly understood. In this project we propose to investigate the source of the metals enriched in gabbroic-ultramafic hosted VMS deposits and the precipitation mechanisms leading to ore precipitation by investigating the paleo OCC in the Western Limassol Forest Complex in the Troodos ophiolite, Cyprus. 

  1. Styles of hydrothermal massive sulfide mineralization in rocks of the Paleoproterozoic Karrat Group, Rinkian Orogen, central West Greenland

The Paleoproterozoic Karrat Group consists of metamorphosed sedimentary, volcanic and volcanoclastic rocks. These rocks are known to host massive sulfide occurrences in many places. The Black Angel Zn-Pb-Ag deposit is only one example. Massive sulfide assemblages are deformed and metamorphosed, which makes it difficult to unravel the mineralization processes. Various models (SHMS, VHMS, SEDEX, MVT) have been proposed to explain the genesis of the ores. One detailed cross section was sampled, where massive sulfide is hosted in (likely) meta-sedimentary rock, and samples from other locations are available for comparison. The aim of this study is to characterize and compare hydrothermal alteration and ore assemblages and to unravel the evolution of the mineralized rocks.

  1. Mineralization processes and subsequent deformation of sphalerite-galena ore from near the Black Angel Zn-Pb-Ag deposit, Rinkian Orogen, central West Greenland

The Black Angel Zn-Pb-Ag deposit has been successfully mined for a couple of years. Interest in regional mineral exploration is still high. Massive sulfide hosted in mylonitic marble outcrops close to the mine and was sampled there. Recent investigations on samples from Black Angel indicate that the mineralization may be of syn-tectonic origin and may be similar to styles of mineralization in the Zambian Copper Belt. The aim of this project is to characterize deformation in the samples and relate structures to mineral paragenesis. This data should be compared to petrologic data from disseminated sulfide ore in marble and massive sulfide ore in black shale. The main question is, whether hydrothermal mineralization was pre-tectonic and the ore was subsequently deformed or whether hydrothermal mineralization is syn-tectonic.
 

Analytical topics

  1. Development of a new crush leach analyses for fluid inclusions

Methods: Microscopy (Transmitted light, reflected light, Cl), Microthermometry, crush leach (IC, ICPMS)

  1. Ultra-low Au detection limit analysis by LA-ICP-MS

State of the art ultra-low limit Au analysis in the ppt range requires tedious and time consuming method involving multiple acid-digest and Au extraction by chromatography. Recent development in LA-ICP-MS performances allows to develop a new method for ultra-low limit Au analysis which will be both cheaper and faster. The method will involve nano-milling, pressed pellet binding and analysis by LA-ICP-MS of various reference materials and samples.
 

Others

  1. Petrology of a Banded Iron Formation in the Hamersley Province (Australia)

Methods: Microscopy (Transmitted light, reflected light, Cl), REM

last change: 2025-03-24
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